Great question!

Recognition involves identifying a piece of information in the presence of several stimuli. It is often a matter of saying "yes, I have seen this before" when presented with a stimulus.

Recall, on the other hand, requires retrieving information from memory without the presence of external cues. For example, answering an open-ended question or listing all the states in a country from memory involves recall.

Recognition and recall are both critical components of memory retrieval, but they differ significantly in terms of cognitive processes, effort required, accuracy, and their applications in everyday life and learning :)